Unit 2: Earth Science
Chapter: Rocks and Minerals
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Lesson 1: Minerals-
The Building Blocks of Rocks Vocabulary
Text Link to Rocks and Minerals USGS Website Rock ABC Order Rock Cycle Jeopardy Rock Cycle Jeopardy Understand the Rock Cycle Moh's Doom Study Jams Minerals |
Summary
Main Idea 4 ES 4.b All rocks are made up of minerals. Minerals may be identified by their physical properties. Rocks are different from each other because they are made up of different kinds of minerals. (pp. 140–141) Minerals are identified by their physical properties such as color, luster, streak, cleavage, and hardness. (pp. 142–145) Minerals are used to make many everyday products. (p. 146) |
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Lesson 2: Igneous Rocks
Vocabulary
Study Jams Igneous Rocks |
Summary
Main Idea 4 ES 4.a Different processes that take place on Earth form many different kinds of rocks. Igneous rocks may be formed above the ground or below the ground. Igneous rocks are formed from magma or lava that cools and hardens. (pp. 152–153) Where an igneous rock is formed and the minerals that make it up determine its properties. (pp. 154–155) Igneous rocks have many important uses. (p. 156) |
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Lesson 3: Sedimentary Rocks
Vocabulary 1. sediment 2. sedimentary rock 3. fossil Text link to Sedimentary Rocks Study Jams Sedimentary Rocks Characteristics of Rocks |
Summary
Main Idea 4 ES 4.a Most sedimentary rocks form when sediments settle in layers. Over a long period of time, the layers change to rock. Sedimentary rocks are often formed by layers of sediments. (pp. 162–163) The properties of sedimentary rocks depend on the minerals they are made up of and the way they are formed. (pp. 164–165) Sedimentary rocks have many uses. (p. 166) |
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Lesson 4: Metamorphic Rocks
Vocabulary 1. metamorphic rock 2. pressure 3. geologist 4. rock cycle Text link to Metamorphic Rocks Study jams Rock Cycle |
Vocabulary Text link to Metamorphic Rocks Study jams Rock Cycle Summary Main Idea 4 ES 4.a Extreme heat and pressure can cause any kind of rock to change to a metamorphic rock. The rock cycle shows how rocks are constantly changing. Metamorphic rocks form deep inside Earth from great heat and pressure. (pp. 172–173) Metamorphic rocks are identified by their properties and minerals. (pp. 174–179) The rock cycle is a neverending cycle by which rocks change from one type to another. (p. 180) |
CHAPTER: Slow Changes on Earth
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Summary:
Main Idea 4 ES 5.b Certain natural processes cause rocks to break down into smaller pieces. These smaller pieces help to form Earth’s different soils. Physical weathering causes Earth’s rocks to break apart into smaller pieces. (pp. 194–195) Chemical weathering also causes rocks to break down into smaller pieces. (pp. 196–197) Soil has weathered rock, minerals, humus, air, water, and bacteria in it. (p. 198) |
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Lesson 2: Erosion and Deposition
Vocabulary
Text Link to Erosion and Deposition Erosion Video |
Summary:
Main Idea 4 ES 5.a 4 ES 5.c. The movement of weathered rock from one place to another is called erosion. As wind and water move rock from one place to another, the shape of the land changes. Erosion and deposition move sediments from one place on Earth’s surface to another. (pp. 204-205) Erosion is affected by soil type, sediment size, and wind and water strength. (pp. 206-207) There are methods farmers can use to conserve soil. (p. 208 ) |
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Lesson 3: Landforms Changing Over Time
Vocabulary
Text link to Landforms Changing Over Time Glacier Video Rock Around the Park Green Scene Glacier Blog Glacier Power |
Summary :
Main Idea 4 ES 5.a 4 ES 5.c Earth’s surface is always changing. It is shaped and reshaped by water, waves, wind, and ice. Changes that occur to land can take place slowly or quickly. Erosion and weathering are processes that usually change landforms slowly. (pp. 214–215) Water, waves, and wind weather and erode Earth’s surface. (pp. 216–221) Glaciers shape the land as they move over it. (p. 222 ) |
Chapter: Fast Changes on Earth
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Lesson 1: Landslides
Vocabulary 1. gravity 2. landslide 3. flood 4. mudslide Text Link to Landslides USGS Kid's Site |
Summary:
Main Idea 4 ES 5.a Some changes to Earth’s surface take place quickly. Gravity and fastflowing water can cause rapid changes on Earth. Landslides rapidly change the shape of a hill or mountain. (pp. 238–239) Floods and mudslides change the land quickly and may cause damage to property. (pp. 240–241) You can protect yourself from landslides, mudslides, and floods by being prepared. (p. 242 ) |
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Lesson 2: Earthquakes
Vocabulary
Largest Earthquake in Japan's Hisory Study Jams Earthquakes USGS Kids: Science of Earthquakes Ask a Geologist |
Summary
Main Idea 4 ES 5.a Earth’s outer layer, the crust, is made up of large slabs of rock called plates. The sudden movement of these plates causes changes to occur on Earth’s surface. Earth’s crust is made up of plates. Earthquakes occur when plates move suddenly along a fault. (pp. 248–251) A tsunami is a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor. (pp. 252–253) You can protect yourself during earthquakes and tsunamis by being prepared. (p. 254) |
Earthquakes - Bill Nye from Jared W on Vimeo.
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Lesson 3: Volcanoes
Vocabulary 1. volcano 2. hot spot 3. crater 4. vent Text Link to Volcanoes Volcano Explorer Game Study Jams Volcanoes National Geographic Kids Video |
Summary:
Main Idea 4 ES 5.a Sudden changes to Earth’s surface are caused by volcanoes. Magma makes its way to Earth’s surface in a volcano. Volcanoes form along Earth’s moving plates and at hot spots. (pp. 262–265) Some kinds of volcanoes are cinder-cone, shield, and composite. (pp. 266–267) You can protect yourself during an erupting volcano by being prepared. (p. 268 ) |