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Unit 2: Earth Science

Chapter: Rocks and Minerals

Lesson 1: Minerals-
The Building Blocks of Rocks
 Vocabulary    
  • minerals
  • luster
  • cleavage
  • streak
  • hardness
  • Mohs' Hardness Scale
  • ore

Text Link to Rocks and Minerals
USGS Website
Rock ABC Order
Rock Cycle Jeopardy
Rock Cycle Jeopardy
Understand the Rock Cycle
Moh's Doom
Study Jams Minerals
Summary
Main Idea 4 ES 4.b
All rocks are made up of 
minerals. Minerals may 
be identified by their 
physical properties.
Rocks are different from 
each other because they 
are made up of different 
kinds of minerals. 
(pp. 140–141)

Minerals are identified by 
their physical properties
such as color, luster, 
streak, cleavage, and 
hardness. (pp. 142–145)

Minerals are used to make 
many everyday products. (p. 146)

Lesson 2: Igneous Rocks
Vocabulary
  •  igneous rocks
  •  magma
  • lava
Text link to Igneous Rocks
Study Jams Igneous Rocks

Learn About Igneous Rocks
Summary
Main Idea 4 ES 4.a
Different processes that 
take place on Earth form 
many different kinds 
of rocks. Igneous rocks 
may be formed above 
the ground or below the 
ground.
Igneous rocks are formed 
from magma or lava that 
cools and hardens. 
(pp. 152–153)

Where an igneous rock is 
formed and the minerals 
that make it up determine 
its properties.
(pp. 154–155)

Igneous rocks have many 
important uses. (p. 156)

Lesson 3: Sedimentary Rocks

Vocabulary 
1. sediment
2. sedimentary rock
3. fossil

Text link to Sedimentary Rocks
Study Jams Sedimentary Rocks
Characteristics of Rocks
Summary
Main Idea 4 ES 4.a
Most sedimentary rocks 
form when sediments 
settle in layers. Over a 
long period of time, the 
layers change to rock.
Sedimentary rocks are 
often formed by layers of 
sediments. (pp. 162–163)

The properties of 
sedimentary rocks 
depend on the minerals 
they are made up of and 
the way they are formed. 
(pp. 164–165)

Sedimentary rocks have many uses. (p. 166)

Learn About Sedimentary Rocks

Lesson 4: Metamorphic Rocks

Vocabulary 
1. metamorphic rock
2. pressure
3. geologist
4. rock cycle
 

Text link to Metamorphic Rocks

Study jams Rock Cycle

Learn About Metamorphic Rocks

Vocabulary
 

Text link to Metamorphic Rocks
Study jams Rock Cycle
Summary 
Main Idea 4 ES 4.a
Extreme heat and 
pressure can cause any 
kind of rock to change 
to a metamorphic rock. 
The rock cycle shows 
how rocks are constantly 
changing.
Metamorphic rocks form 
deep inside Earth from 
great heat and pressure. 
(pp. 172–173)

Metamorphic rocks 
are identified by their 
properties and minerals. 
(pp. 174–179)

The rock cycle is a neverending cycle by which 
rocks change from one 
type to another. (p. 180)

CHAPTER: Slow Changes on Earth

Lesson 1: Weathering

Vocabulary  

Text Link to Weathering
Study James Weathering and Erosion
Summary:
Main Idea 4 ES 5.b
Certain natural processes 
cause rocks to break 
down into smaller pieces. 
These smaller pieces help 
to form Earth’s different 
soils.
Physical weathering
causes Earth’s rocks to 
break apart into smaller 
pieces. (pp. 194–195)

Chemical weathering
also causes rocks to 
break down into smaller 
pieces. (pp. 196–197)

Soil has weathered rock, 
minerals, humus, air, 
water, and bacteria in it. 
(p. 198)

Lesson 2: Erosion and Deposition
Vocabulary 
  1. deposition 
  2. erosion

Text Link to Erosion and Deposition
Erosion Video
Summary:
Main Idea
4 ES 5.a  4 ES 5.c.
The movement of 
weathered rock from one 
place to another is called 
erosion. As wind and 
water move rock from 
one place to another, 
the shape of the land 
changes.
Erosion and deposition
move sediments from one 
place on Earth’s surface 
to another. (pp. 204-205)

Erosion is affected by soil 
type, sediment size, and 
wind and water strength. 
(pp. 206-207)

There are methods 
farmers can use to conserve soil. (p. 208 )

Lesson 3: Landforms Changing Over Time
Vocabulary 
  1. landforms
  2. canyon
  3. valley
  4. delta
  5. sand dunes
  6. glaciers


Text link to Landforms Changing Over Time
Glacier Video
Rock Around the Park
Green Scene Glacier Blog
Glacier Power
Summary :
Main Idea
4 ES 5.a  4 ES 5.c
Earth’s surface is always 
changing. It is shaped 
and reshaped by water, 
waves, wind, and ice. 
Changes that occur 
to land can take place 
slowly or quickly.
Erosion and weathering 
are processes that usually 
change landforms slowly. 
(pp. 214–215)

Water, waves, and wind
weather and erode 
Earth’s surface. 
(pp. 216–221)

Glaciers shape the land 
as they move over it. (p. 222 )    

Chapter: Fast Changes on Earth

Lesson 1: Landslides
Vocabulary  
1. gravity
2. landslide
3. flood
4. mudslide

Text Link to Landslides
USGS Kid's Site
Summary:
Main Idea 4 ES 5.a
Some changes to Earth’s 
surface take place 
quickly. Gravity and fastflowing water can cause 
rapid changes on Earth.
Landslides rapidly 
change the shape of a hill 
or mountain. 
(pp. 238–239)

Floods and mudslides 
change the land quickly 
and may cause damage 
to property. (pp. 240–241)

You can protect 
yourself from landslides, 
mudslides, and floods by being prepared. (p. 242  )

Lesson 2: Earthquakes
Vocabulary 
  • crust
  • plates
  • fault 
  • earthquake
  • tsunami
Text Link to Earthquakes
Largest Earthquake in Japan's Hisory
Study Jams Earthquakes
USGS Kids: Science of Earthquakes
​Ask a Geologist


Summary
Main Idea 4 ES 5.a
Earth’s outer layer, the 
crust, is made up of 
large slabs of rock called 
plates. The sudden 
movement of these 
plates causes changes to 
occur on Earth’s surface.
Earth’s crust is made up 
of plates. Earthquakes 
occur when plates move 
suddenly along a fault. 
(pp. 248–251)

A tsunami is a giant wave 
usually caused by an 
earthquake on the ocean 
floor. (pp. 252–253)

You can protect yourself
during earthquakes 
and tsunamis by being prepared. (p. 254)

Earthquakes - Bill Nye from Jared W on Vimeo.


Lesson 3: Volcanoes
Vocabulary  
1. volcano
2. hot spot
3. crater
4. vent

Text Link to Volcanoes 
Volcano Explorer Game
Study Jams Volcanoes
National Geographic Kids Video
Summary:
Main Idea 4 ES 5.a
Sudden changes to 
Earth’s surface are 
caused by volcanoes.
Magma makes its way 
to Earth’s surface in a 
volcano. Volcanoes form 
along Earth’s moving 
plates and at hot spots.
(pp. 262–265)

Some kinds of volcanoes
are cinder-cone, shield, 
and composite. 
(pp. 266–267)

You can protect yourself
during an erupting 
volcano by being prepared. (p. 268 )    





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